Asafoetida (Ferula Assa-Foetida) and Its Mechanisms of Insect Repellency: Chemical Composition, Applications, and Limitations

Damask saffron (Crocus sativus) features crocin/crocetin and safranal with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. Small clinical trials (30 mg/day) report improved retinal sensitivity in mild–moderate AMD. Here we summarize mechanisms, evidence quality, practical dosing used in studies, and safety—without making medical claims.

Damask rose (Rosa damascena) shows lab-level antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity driven by citronellol, geraniol, nerol and polyphenols. This post summarizes key compounds, in-vitro evidence, safe dermal limits (IFRA allergens), and practical B2B formulation tips for hydrosol, EO and absolute—without making medical claims.

Galbanum (Ferula gummosa) is a resinous plant known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Explore its bioactive components, scientific mechanisms, and traditional uses in managing fluid balance, uric acid, and joint discomfort. This comprehensive review outlines the therapeutic potential and safety considerations.